BIBFRAME Workshop in Europe 2022
The aim of the BIBFRAME Workshop in Europe is to be a forum for sharing knowledge about the practice of, production with, and planning of BIBFRAME implementation.
We bring together people working in the transition from MARC to Linked Data using the BIBFRAME model and related tools.
The workshop areas are strongly focused on the practical implementation of BIBFRAME, not a theoretical Linked Data / Semantic Web event.
Introduction to the National Széchényi Library, host to the 2022 European Bibframe Workshop in Europe.
Programme
Tuesday, September 20
Conference
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Welcome and practicalities
Video
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BIBFRAME Implementation Journey
VideoThe Library of Congress has had BIBFRAME pilots implemented for several years as a BIBFRAME system and editor were developed, with pilot catalogers keying bibliographic descriptions in both the Library's MARC and the new BIBFRAME system. The Library is now trying to transition to "one stop" input - into the BIBFRAME system - with interesting challenges given the size and diversity of the institution. This presentation will highlight major issues that have been overcome with recommendations for environmental changes they would like to see.
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BIBFRAME Implementation at UAL: Planning for Success
VideoIn January 2022 the University of Alberta Library (UAL) launched a Linked Data Implementation Plan (LDIP). While the plan covers an overall transition to linked data, the focus for this session will be on BIBFRAME implementation. LDIP covers a transition for UAL, but is also highly collaborative by design, relying on key partnerships, such as NEOS, PCC, LD4P, and Share-VDE. Given the scale of change for moving to linked data, it is a larger challenge than any one library or organization can manage alone. As such, this collaborative approach and effort is necessary, and highlights the need for a shared approach to implementation planning. Having a plan for implementation has taken years of analysis, research, testing and development work to map out use cases, core needs, and systems such that we have clear short and long term objectives to reach to achieve success. This session will give a high level overview of the LDIP (with a focus on BIBFRAME), identify work in progress in the near term, and outline key challenges that the community can work on together. The presentation will also cover aspects of the plan with the hope of inspiring others to map out how their own institutions can plan for success based on unique data and systems requirements.
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Closing loops: moving to production at Stanford
VideoAs a member of Linked Data for Production, Stanford has been working toward creating a linked data technical services environment and implementing linked data cataloging workflows using BIBFRAME. This project has involved the development of our linked data editor Sinopia, developing data models and templates that reflect those data models in collaboration with the Library of Congress and SHARE-VDE, and converting data from BIBFRAME to MARC for operational use in our catalog. In close collaboration with SHARE-VDE, we are working to create an environment in which the two streams of Stanford metadata-MARC records from copy cataloging & vendors and BIBFRAME descriptions from Sinopia-are collected, converted as necessary, reconciled & clustered with metadata from other institutions and displayed in SVDE's discovery layer. This presentation describes the development of the workflow, the issues we have encountered, and the current state of our implementation plans.
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The Work concept in bibliographic models from a practical (cataloguer's) viewpoint
VideoAlthough Work is an abstract entity, it plays a crucial role in state-of-the-art bibliographic approaches and models such as IFLA LRM, or the one of BIBFRAME. Due to its abstraction, Work is difficult to grasp, and the most competitive models (such as the ones of BIBFRAME and RDA) differ in what we consider to be the core entities of the bibliographic universe. Let's look how we can facilitate the job of a cataloguer lost in the world of misty concepts, and see if a new concept like Representative Expression can help solve the issue.
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On Ambition and Ambiguity
VideoWhen presented with ambiguous information such as indistinct identities and unclear relations, a human can still, within a limited context, often determine "what's going on". But when we want to share descriptions in larger contexts, ambiguities become hard problems. Unless you refer to certain distinct, identifiable entities, the meaning is diffused. You need not always be specific, but you need to be precise. In order to efficiently leverage RDF and BIBFRAME as a means for interoperable fact keeping, the ambition needs to be higher in terms of precision of identity, rather than richness of detail. In MARC, those ambitions appears identical, but once you can concretize and link entities, this assumption does not hold. Not all details apply to the same thing. Drawing on the experience of over four years in production with a BIBFRAME-based cataloguing system existing in a larger context of remaining MARC21 dependence, this presentation will show concrete examples of problematic ambiguity stemming from various practises. These have to be rethought in order for quality and efficiency to increase. The use case is no longer within a standalone index card, but upon the legibility of a navigable knowledge graph. If you can find what you seek, and understand what you come across, we're on the right path. Can this become the baseline of semantic interoperability in the larger context?
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Advanced Search and Linked Data
VideoWith linked data, the focus has been on atomizing bibliographic data into smaller resources that are more authoritatively maintained in one place and re-used, and linking them all together just in time. The results for end user search may be a different way of doing business; hopping from one resource to another, discovering more things about more things. However, what does that do to advanced search, where a library patron does not just enter "Twain", find "Twain, Mark 1835-1910" and hope to be shown things by Mark Twain or about Mark Twain to browse through. Patrons search for things by a particular person or a particular era or a particular field of inquiry, often all at once. These are all data elements we store now in different resources, possibly not even at our library or in our system. What will bring them all together to allow an advanced search to return the things that match their request? We will explore some ideas using the Library of Congress' cataloger interface to BIBFRAME in search of solutions.
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User Experience Testing in the ShareVDE 2.0 Catalog
VideoShare-VDE (SVDE) is a library-driven initiative which brings together the bibliographic catalogs and authority files of a community of libraries in an innovative discovery environment based on linked data. The beta release of the SVDE 2.0 (https://www.svde.org) catalog was collaboratively shaped among multiple perspectives and stakeholder groups. A team at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries gathered feedback from university faculty, graduate students and undergraduate students in order to understand how linked data supports user tasks promulgated in the IFLA Library Reference Model (IFLA-LRM). In compiling results of the study, we will describe the linked data functionality and scenarios which the Share-VDE 2.0 discovery system addresses. This session will be particularly useful for those who are looking to understand how linked data discovery supports improved user experience outcomes as users navigate and explore collections.
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From evolution to transformation: using the web to make library data visible and portable
VideoLibraries have traditionally been able to capture incredibly rich data in their catalogs. Much of this data, however, remains 'locked' in place: while library data has evolved from MARC to many other formats, the catalog is almost invisible outside the traditional Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) or discovery service. Moreover, the library catalog is siloed - not connected to other catalogs and the vast array of authoritative data that provide near-unlimited enrichment of resources. The result is a lost opportunity to engage with users anywhere on the web, deliver a truly enriched resource exploration, and drive more usage of the library's catalog. With EBSCO, libraries are decentralizing catalogs and becoming integral to data exchange on the web. Leveraging BIBFRAME transforms catalog records into enriched, connected resources, making the library catalog visible and portable. Users - be it students, faculty, researchers, or the public - can now engage with the library's resources on faculty pages, the learning management system, and departmental websites, to name a few. BIBFRAME helps enrich resources with additional data, such as people, places, and genres from authoritative data sources. And users can request any item through 'borrow actions' anywhere on the web. This presentation will explore EBSCO's efforts to bring data enrichment and syndication to libraries. The presenter will look at using BIBFRAME as the foundation for transforming data and creating enriched resources within a connected graph. The presenter will provide practical examples of how linked data are embedded and displayed on the web to increase catalog use, visibility, and portability.
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Discovering relationships
VideoDoes BIBFRAME data provide opportunities for modeling and capturing relationships which could support discovery of related resources in a library catalog? As part of the Linked Data for Production: Closing the Loop (LD4P3) grant, we have been exploring this question from two different angles: an analysis of work to work relationships captured in linked data sources and research on user interface design for displaying these relationships in the library catalog. As part of our linked data analysis, we reviewed the data from ShareVDE's BIBFRAME transformation of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) MARC records and from the Library of Congress Hubs dataset. We explored how these datasets aggregated related works and represented relationships between works. We examined if and how these relationships can help reveal relationships between items in the library catalog. For our user interface design research, we designed and implemented a prototype for display library catalog results based on BIBFRAME relationships modeled in Sinopia. We conducted usability testing with the prototype. In this presentation, we will provide our high level results from both the linked data analysis and our usability testing.
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OpenWEMI - Beyond FRBR
VideoThe concepts first introduced in the FRBR document and known as "WEMI" (Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item) have been employed in situations quite different from the library bibliographic catalog. This is evidence that a definition of similar classes that are more general than those developed for library usage would benefit metadata developers broadly. A Dublin Core community group has been formed to look at the possibility of creating a minimally constrained vocabulary to support the creation of metadata for the description of all kinds of created "things". This benefits non-library producers of metadata, but can also have benefits within the library world, and BIBFRAME in particular. https://github.com/dcmi/openwemi
The panel will discuss: use cases; the need for exchange frameworks, standards and/or best practices that support interoperability; possible solutions and tools; and current efforts to address the issues.
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Convener
Panel 1: Interoperability
VideoAs more institutions move toward the implementation of BIBFRAME locally, we need to consider ways to simplify and enhance interoperability on a broader scale.
The panel will discuss: use cases; the need for exchange frameworks, standards and/or best practices that support interoperability; possible solutions and tools; and current efforts to address the issues.
Wednesday, September 21
Conference
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Good morning Day 2
Video
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BIBFRAME-based SVDE ontology
VideoShare-VDE (SVDE) is a library-driven initiative which brings together the bibliographic data and authority files of an international community of libraries in a shared discovery environment based on linked data. The Share-VDE entity model is based on the BIBFRAME ontology, integrating it in its original form to represent entities found in classic MARC encoded records. There are exceptions when it comes to representing information that is not expressed in BIBFRAME, or that has not been translated from MARC to BIBFRAME, or that needs further modelling to allow for improved discoverability with the SVDE catalogue. Share-VDE might apply extensions to the entity model to support such cases: a typical example is the creation, identification and modelling of the svde:Opus (that is, in Share-VDE, the highest level of abstraction of a creative work). This results in a "BIBFRAME-based SVDE ontology", that is the standard BIBFRAME ontology extended in specific cases to support interoperability with various models (e.g. IFLA LRM), at the same time retaining compliance with the standard. The subject of this proposal is to present advancements of the Share-VDE initiative as far as general developments are concerned, along with a focus on the compatibility of SVDE BIBFRAME output with other BIBFRAME nodes in the library community, as experimented within a working group dedicated to BIBFRAME shape interchange. At the time of this proposal, this group formed by Library of Congress, Share-VDE, Stanford, and OCLC representatives, is working on a Strawman BIBFRAME interchange shape: further evolutions are underway and the outcome of the experimentation will be presented from Share-VDE perspective. The importance of referencing existing conceptual models in development of linked data systems will help to support the long sought interoperability among disparate, and oftentimes heterogeneous linked data systems within -- and external to -- the library ecosystem.
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SVDE model interoperability
VideoShare-VDE (SVDE) is a library-driven initiative which brings together the bibliographic data and authority files of an international community of libraries in a shared discovery environment based on linked data. The Share-VDE entity model is based on the BIBFRAME ontology, integrating it in its original form to represent entities found in classic MARC encoded records. There are exceptions when it comes to representing information that is not expressed in BIBFRAME, or that has not been translated from MARC to BIBFRAME, or that needs further modelling to allow for improved discoverability with the SVDE catalogue. Share-VDE might apply extensions to the entity model to support such cases: a typical example is the creation, identification and modelling of the svde:Opus (that is, in Share-VDE, the highest level of abstraction of a creative work). This results in a "BIBFRAME-based SVDE ontology", that is the standard BIBFRAME ontology extended in specific cases to support interoperability with various models (e.g. IFLA LRM), at the same time retaining compliance with the standard. The subject of this proposal is to present advancements of the Share-VDE initiative as far as general developments are concerned, along with a focus on the compatibility of SVDE BIBFRAME output with other BIBFRAME nodes in the library community, as experimented within a working group dedicated to BIBFRAME shape interchange. At the time of this proposal, this group formed by Library of Congress, Share-VDE, Stanford, and OCLC representatives, is working on a Strawman BIBFRAME interchange shape: further evolutions are underway and the outcome of the experimentation will be presented from Share-VDE perspective. The importance of referencing existing conceptual models in development of linked data systems will help to support the long sought interoperability among disparate, and oftentimes heterogeneous linked data systems within -- and external to -- the library ecosystem.
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Harmonious marriage of BIBFRAME and RDA - the Finnish approach
VideoThe National Library of Finland has initiated a project with the aim of transforming our bibliographic data to linked data. During the project, we are creating a data model for linked data, adopting BIBFRAME for Finnish union catalogue, and make it available for all other libraries in Finland. We are also currently preparing for the new version of RDA and hope to build strong support between it and BIBFRAME for our use. To this end, we are building a mapping between RDA and BIBFRAME and hope to use, e.g., expressions and aggregates in the new data model. The project is scheduled for 2022 to 2024 and employs five people full time. Aside from the data model itself, we are also creating conversion rules, a Finnish translation of BIBFRAME, and a supporting vocabulary for cataloguing. The project will also provide training for library personnel in using the new data model.
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BIBFRAME in Hungary - Conclusions of a PhD Thesis
VideoIn this presentation I would like to introduce the results and conclusions of my PhD-dissertation on the semantic cataloging, to be defended in the very near future. Besides the examination of the past of the entity-centered viewpoint of the cataloging and of the markup languages, I tried to explore, how I can implement the Library of Congress's official MARC 21-BIBFRAME mappings for the HUNMARC format. In order to answer this question, I converted a selected part of bibliographic records that were created at the Petofi Literary Museum's Library. I examined the results in the BIBFRAME-graph with a critical approach. Where the two MARC format differs, I propose modifications on the stylesheets, thus, the modified conversion tools can be used for converting HUNMARC data into BIBFRAME without data loss. With this parameters, my conversion project became the first, well-documented HUNMARC-BIBFRAME transformation in Hungary, that can be studied by the broader professional community. In the last part of my presentation I propose a method for mapping semantic element sets with using owl:sameAs and other, weaker similarity relations. These connections could be used for connecting not just RWO-URIs but ontology relations just like that are collected in BIBFRAME. This proposal could be the theoretical basis for planning multi-format display solutions for graph data, and for publicating the mappings between the various element sets that are useful for the IT specialists.
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BIBFRAME Data at OCLC
VideoOCLC is committed to supporting all libraries as the community transitions from MARC to BIBFRAME. Some libraries will fully transition to BIBFRAME, some will continue in MARC, and others will adopt a hybrid model. Presenters will share OCLC's strategy for this inclusive approach, provide updates on plans for BIBFRAME data, and detail OCLC's engagement in collaborative efforts on the use and exchange of BIBFRAME data.
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Getting Started: The BIBFRAME Interoperability Group (BIG)
VideoThe international BIBFRAME Interoperability Group (BIG) was initiated by the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) with the goal to "work collaboratively on the development and maintenance of interoperable BIBFRAME data guidelines to support production level implementation, to address issues restricting interoperability, and to inform development of associated toolings and infrastructure." (BIBFRAME Interoperability Group charge, April 15, 2022). The idea originated at the PCC BIBFRAME Data Exchange Meeting (September 2021), where the participants identified different implementation decisions of the BIBFRAME ontology as major obstacles to successful BIBFRAME data exchange. The conclusion was reached that an international group was needed to continue the conversation in this area. BIG is not a PCC committee, rather the PCC took the lead in assembling the initial membership and drafting the terms of reference (TOR). The charge includes suggested work areas such as defining a standard BIBFRAME "shape" to support data reuse including conversion to and from other formats, defining core BIBFRAME elements necessary for data exchange, surfacing issues regarding the use of the Official RDA with BIBFRAME and proposing strategies for their resolution, and gathering use cases as necessary to inform decision making. The charge includes suggested work areas such as: defining a standard BIBFRAME "shape" to support data reuse including conversion to and from other formats; defining core BIBFRAME elements necessary for data exchange; surfacing issues regarding the use of the Official RDA with BIBFRAME and proposing strategies for their resolution; and gathering use cases as necessary to inform decision making. BIG officially took up its work in June 2022. This presentation will introduce the BIBFRAME Interoperability Group, including its charge, governance, and membership as well as the process for assembling this group. It will also cover examples of data exchange issues, potential ways to mediate among different flavors of BIBFRAME, first meeting outcomes, and next steps.
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Official RDA and BIBFRAME
VideoThe Official RDA Toolkit is projected to replace the Original RDA Toolkit over the next year. This presentation will examine the Official RDA Toolkit and its supporting documentation (Cataloging Policy Statements and Metadata Guidance documentation) as they might be applied in a BIBFRAME cataloging environment. It will also present options for more closely aligning the BIBFRAME and RDA models by relating BIBFRAME Hubs to RDA works, and showing BIBFRAME Hubs are consistent with conventional title "authorities."
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Update on RDA to BIBFRAME Mapping
VideoThe talk will provide a brief update on the RDA to BIBFRAME mapping efforts of the RDA Steering Committee
Panelists will discuss these issues starting from their experiences in building the entity oriented bibliographic ecosystem and from their expertise about BIBFRAME, also by leveraging knowledge shared in existing initiatives.
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Convener
Panel 2: What do I have to do to approach BIBFRAME without much background?
VideoWhat are the steps that a library should take into consideration to implement BIBFRAME, taking advantage of the opportunities, overcoming the challenges, and maximizing the advantages such a path pose? From the choice of the data to be converted and published, to the definition of the level of adoption of linked data paradigm in libraries’ operational workflows, there are many factors to consider for a successful set-up of a BIBFRAME project.
Panelists will discuss these issues starting from their experiences in building the entity oriented bibliographic ecosystem and from their expertise about BIBFRAME, also by leveraging knowledge shared in existing initiatives.
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Presentation of KBR - Brussels, 2023 BFWE host
Video
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Wrap up, closing of BIBFRAME Workshop in Europe 2022
Video
Proceedings
Useful Links
- Group listserv: https://lists.dnb.de/mailman/listinfo/eurbibframe
- Slack workspace: https://bfwe.slack.com
- Email inquiries: conference@bfwe.eu
- Group listserv: https://lists.dnb.de/mailman/listinfo/eurbibframe
- Slack workspace: https://bfwe.slack.com
- Email inquiries: conference@bfwe.eu
Organizer Group
Harriet Aagaard, National Library of Sweden
Leif Andresen, Royal Danish Library (Spokesperson)
Michele Casalini, Casalini Libri and Share-VDE
Reinhold Heuvelmann, German National Library
Miklós Lendvay, National Széchényi Library of Hungary
Sally H. McCallum, Library of Congress - NDMSO
Philip E. Schreur, Stanford University and LD4P
Osma Suominen, National Library of Finland
Harriet Aagaard, National Library of Sweden
Leif Andresen, Royal Danish Library (Spokesperson)
Michele Casalini, Casalini Libri and Share-VDE
Reinhold Heuvelmann, German National Library
Miklós Lendvay, National Széchényi Library of Hungary
Sally H. McCallum, Library of Congress - NDMSO
Philip E. Schreur, Stanford University and LD4P
Osma Suominen, National Library of Finland